Consonants
|
DE |
AT |
CH
|
Examples |
English approximation
|
b
|
bei; ab (AT, CH)
|
ball
|
|
c
|
China, Leipzig (AT, CH)
|
cute
|
ç
|
ich, durch; China, Leipzig (DE)
|
hue
|
d
|
dann; Kleid (AT, CH)
|
done
|
f
|
für, von, Phänomen
|
fuss
|
ɡ
|
gut; Tag (AT, CH)
|
guest
|
h
|
hat
|
hut
|
j
|
Jahr, Yo-Yo
|
yard
|
k
|
kann, cremen, sechs; Tag (DE)
|
cold
|
l
|
Leben
|
last
|
l̩
|
Mantel
|
bottle
|
m
|
Mann
|
must
|
m̩
|
großem
|
rhythm
|
n
|
Name
|
not
|
n̩
|
beiden
|
sudden
|
ŋ
|
lang
|
long
|
p
|
Person, ab (DE)
|
puck
|
pf
|
Pfeffer
|
cupful
|
ʁ
|
r
|
reden
|
DE: French rouge AT, CH: Scottish red
|
s
|
lassen, groß, Haus
|
fast
|
ʃ
|
schon, Stadt, spitz, Champagner, Ski
|
shall
|
t
|
Tag, Stadt; Kleid (DE)
|
tall
|
ts
|
Zeit, Platz, Potsdam, Celle
|
cats
|
tʃ
|
Matsch, Cello
|
match
|
v
|
was, Vase
|
vanish
|
x
|
nach
|
Scottish loch
|
z
|
s
|
Sie, diese
|
DE: zebra AT, CH: soup
|
ʔ
|
|
beamtet
|
uh-oh!
|
Non-native consonants
|
dʒ
|
Dschungel, Pidgin
|
jungle
|
ð
|
Motherboard
|
this
|
ɹ
|
Spray
|
rice
|
θ
|
Thatcherismus
|
think
|
w
|
Web, Whiskey, Squash
|
web
|
ʒ
|
Genie, Entourage
|
pleasure
|
Stress
|
ˈ
|
Bahnhofstraße
|
battleship
|
ˌ
|
Syllable break
|
.
|
Ephraim
|
flower (contrasting with flour )
|
|
Vowels
|
DE |
AT |
CH
|
Examples |
English approximation
|
Monophthongs
|
a
|
alles, Kalender
|
father, but short
|
aː
|
aber, sah, Staat
|
father
|
ɛ
|
Ende, hätte
|
bet
|
ɛː
|
spät, wählen
|
RP hair
|
eː
|
eben, gehen, Meer
|
mate
|
ɪ
|
ist
|
sit
|
iː
|
liebe, Berlin, ihm
|
seed
|
ɔ
|
kommen
|
off
|
oː
|
oder, hohe, Boot
|
story
|
œ
|
öffnen
|
somewhat like hurt; RP ugh
|
øː
|
Österreich, Möhre, adieu
|
somewhat like heard
|
ʊ
|
und
|
pull
|
uː
|
Hut, Kuh
|
tool
|
ʏ
|
müssen, Ypsilon
|
somewhat like cute
|
yː
|
über, Mühe, psychisch
|
somewhat like few
|
Diphthongs
|
aɪ
|
ein, Kaiser, Haydn, Verleih, Speyer
|
high
|
aʊ
|
auf
|
vow
|
ɔʏ
|
Euro, Häuser
|
choice
|
Reduced vowels
|
ɐ
|
ər
|
immer
|
DE, AT: frustration CH: Scottish letter
|
ə
|
ɛ
|
Name
|
DE: balance (but not sofa) AT, CH: GA accent
|
Semivowels
|
ɐ̯
|
r
|
Uhr
|
DE, AT: sofa CH: Scottish far
|
i̯
|
Studie, Italien
|
yard
|
o̯
|
Pointe
|
quite
|
u̯
|
Linguist, Gouache
|
would
|
y̑
|
Etui
|
somewhat like evaluation
|
Non-native vowels
|
ãː
|
Gourmand, Engagement, Restaurant, Chance
|
French Provence
|
ɛ̃ː
|
Pointe
|
French quinze
|
ɛɪ
|
Mail
|
face
|
õː
|
Garçon
|
French Le Monde
|
ɔː
|
stalken, Motherboard
|
dog
|
ɔʊ
|
Code
|
American goat
|
œ̃ː
|
Parfum
|
French emprunte
|
œːɐ̯
|
øːr
|
surfen, Gouverneur
|
roughly like RP bird
|
Shortened vowels
|
ã
|
engagieren
|
French chanson
|
ɛ̃
|
impair
|
French vingt-et-un
|
e
|
Element
|
roughly like dress
|
i
|
Italien
|
seat
|
o
|
originell
|
story, but short
|
õ
|
foncé
|
French Mont Blanc
|
œ̃
|
Lundist
|
French vingt-et-un
|
ø
|
Ökonom
|
roughly like hurt
|
u
|
Universität, Souvenir
|
truth
|
y
|
Psychologie
|
like meet, but with the lips rounded
|
|