In this article, we are going to explore everything related to Nine mountain schools. From its origin to its evolution today, through its applications in different contexts. Nine mountain schools has played a fundamental role in aspects as diverse as society, technology, culture and history. Over the years, Nine mountain schools has generated debate around its impact and influence on our lives, its ethical implications, and its future development. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze in depth all aspects linked to Nine mountain schools, with the aim of better understanding its relevance in the contemporary world and its potential in the future.
The initial transmission of Seon into Korea is usually attributed to Beomnang (法朗; fl. 632–646), said to be a student of the Chinese master Daoxin (道信; 580–651). Seon was later popularized especially by Sinhaeng (神行; 704–779) in the latter part of the eighth century and by Doui [pl; ko] (道義; d. 825) at the beginning of the ninth century. From then on, many Koreans studied Chan in China and, upon their return, established their own schools at various mountain monasteries with their leading disciples.
The number of these schools was initially fixed to nine, whence the name derives. Eight of these schools were of the lineage of Mazu Daoyi (馬祖道一; 709–788), as they were established through connection with either him or one of his eminent disciples:
The Gaji san school (迦智山), established at Borimsa (寶林寺) under the influence of Doui and his grand-student Chejing (體澄; 804–890). Doui studied in China under Zhizang (735-814) and Baizhang (百丈; 749–814).
The Silsangsan school (實相山), founded by Hongcheok (洪陟; fl. 830), who also studied under Zhizang.
The Huiyang san school (曦陽山), founded by Beomnang and Chiseon Doheon (智詵道憲; 824–882), who was taught by a Korean teacher of the Mazu transmission.
The Bongnim san school (鳳林山), established by Weongam (圓鑑; 787-869) and his student Simhui (審希; fl. 9c). Weongam was a student of Zhangjing Huaihui (章敬懷暉; 748–835).
The Dongni san school (桐裡山), established by Hyejeol (慧徹; 785–861) who was a student of Zhizang.