Panyjima language

In this article the topic of Panyjima language will be addressed from different approaches and perspectives. Throughout history, Panyjima language has been the subject of study and analysis by experts in various disciplines, which has allowed us to understand its importance and impact on society. From its origins to the present, Panyjima language has played a fundamental role in human development, generating debates, reflections and advances in different areas of knowledge. Through this article, we aim to delve into the relevance of Panyjima language in everyday life, analyzing its influence in different areas and its role in the construction of individual and collective identities.
Banyjima
Native toAustralia
RegionPilbara region of Western Australia
EthnicityPanyjima people
Native speakers
140 (2021 census)
Dialects
  • Pantikura
  • Mitjaranjpa
Language codes
ISO 639-3pnw
Glottologpany1241
AIATSISA53 Banyjima (cover term)
ELPPanyjima
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Panyjima is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken in the Hamersley Range, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. It is the traditional language of the Panyjima people. The name has also been spelled Bandjima, Banjima, Banyjima, Paanjima, Pandjima, Panjima, Panjtjima, and Panytyima.

Like most indigenous Australian languages, Panyjima is endangered. Younger generations have English as a first language and make little distinction between Panyjima and its closely related neighbouring languages. There is a formal language register known as padupadu.

Classification

Panyjima is classified as a member of the Ngayarta branch of the Pama–Nyungan languages. Under Carl Georg von Brandenstein's 1967 classification, Martuthunira was classed as an Inland Ngayarda language, but the separation of the Ngayarda languages into Coastal and Inland groups is no longer considered valid.

Phonology

Orthography in brackets when it differs from IPA.

Consonants

Peripheral Laminal Apical
Bilabial Velar Palatal Dental Alveolar Retroflex
Stop p k c ⟨ť⟩ t̪ ⟨th⟩ t ʈ ⟨rt⟩
Nasal m ŋ ⟨g⟩ ɲ ⟨ň⟩ n̪ ⟨nh⟩ n ɳ ⟨rn⟩
Lateral ʎ ⟨ľ⟩ l̪ ⟨lh⟩ l ɭ ⟨rl⟩
Rhotic r ⟨ŕ⟩ ɻ ⟨r⟩
Semivowel w j

Vowels

Front Back
High i   iː u   uː
Low a   aː

The long vowels are rare.

Grammar

Accusative alignment

Accusative alignment. A = subject of a transitive verb; S = subject of an intransitive verb; O = object of a transitive verb.

Unlike most Australian languages, which exhibit ergativity, Panyjima and the other Ngayarta languages have an accusative alignment. That is, the subjects of transitive verbs are treated the same as the subjects of intransitive verbs, while the objects are treated differently.

References

  1. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (2021). "Cultural diversity: Census". Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  2. ^ A53 Banyjima (cover term) at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

Further reading

  • Dench, Alan (1991). "Panyjima". In Dixon, R.M.W.; Blake, Barry J. (eds.). The Handbook of Australian Languages. Vol. 4. Melbourne: Oxford University Press Australia. pp. 125–244. ISBN 0-19-553097-7.

External links

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia