| A File Format to Aid in Security Vulnerability Disclosure | |
 Example security.txt file | |
| Status | Published |
|---|---|
| Year started | 2017 |
| First published | September 2017 |
| Latest version | April 2022 |
| Authors | Edwin Foudil |
| Base standards | RFC 9116 |
| Website | securitytxt |
security.txt is an accepted standard for website security information that allows security researchers to report security vulnerabilities easily.[1] The standard prescribes a text file called security.txt in the well known location, similar in syntax to robots.txt but intended to be machine- and human-readable, for those wishing to contact a website's owner about security issues.[2] security.txt files have been adopted by Google, GitHub, LinkedIn, and Facebook.[3]
History
The Internet Draft was first submitted by Edwin Foudil in September 2017.[4] At that time it covered four directives, "Contact", "Encryption", "Disclosure" and "Acknowledgement". Foudil expected to add further directives based on feedback.[5] In addition, web security expert Scott Helme said he had seen positive feedback from the security community while use among the top 1 million websites was "as low as expected right now".[4]
In 2019, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) published a draft binding operational directive that requires all federal agencies to publish a security.txt file within 180 days.[6][7]
The Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) issued a Last Call for security.txt in December 2019 which ended on January 6, 2020.[8]
A study in 2021 found that over ten percent of top-100 websites published a security.txt file, with the percentage of sites publishing the file decreasing as more websites were considered.[9] The study also noted a number of discrepancies between the standard and the content of the file.
In April 2022 the security.txt file has been accepted by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as RFC 9116.[1]
File format
security.txt files can be served under the /.well-known/ directory (i.e. /.well-known/security.txt) or the top-level directory (i.e. /security.txt) of a website. The file must be served over HTTPS and in plaintext format.[10]
See also
References
- ^ a b Foudil, Edwin; Shafranovich, Yakov (April 2022). A File Format to Aid in Security Vulnerability Disclosure. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC9116. ISSN 2070-1721. RFC 9116. Informational.
- ^ "The Telltale Text File: Security Researcher Proposes Standard for Reporting Vulnerabilities". Security Intelligence. Retrieved 2019-04-14.
- ^ Cimpanu, Catalin (2019-11-29). "iOS apps could really benefit from the newly proposed Security.plist standard". ZDNet. Retrieved 2020-06-16.
- ^ a b Leyden, John (3 January 2018). "Bug-finders' scheme: Tick-tock, this tech's tested by flaws.. but who the heck do you tell?". www.theregister.co.uk. Retrieved 2019-04-14.
- ^ "Security.txt Standard Proposed, Similar to Robots.txt". BleepingComputer. Retrieved 2019-04-14.
- ^ "CISA Seeks Comments on How Government Should Handle Vulnerability Reports". Decipher. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
- ^ Kuldell, Heather (2019-12-18). "CISA Still Wants Your Thoughts on Its Vulnerability Disclosure Policy". Nextgov.com. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
- ^ "Security.txt – IESG issues final call for comment on proposed vulnerability reporting standard". The Daily Swig | Cybersecurity news and views. 2019-12-12. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
- ^ Poteat, Tara; Li, Frank (November 2021). "Who you gonna call?: an empirical evaluation of website security.txt deployment". IMC '21: Proceedings of the 21st ACM Internet Measurement Conference. Internet Measurement Conference. Online: ACM. pp. 526–532. doi:10.1145/3487552.3487841.
- ^ "Characterizing the Adoption of Security.txt Files" (PDF). Characterizing the Adoption of Security.txt Files. 2022-02-11. Retrieved 2022-03-01.