In today's world, ISO/IEC 15693 has gained great relevance in various areas. Whether on a personal, professional or social level, ISO/IEC 15693 plays a fundamental role in people's lives. Its importance is reflected in the way it impacts our daily lives, in the decisions we make, in the conversations we have and in the actions we take. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly analyze and understand the role that ISO/IEC 15693 has in our lives, as well as its influence on society as a whole. In this article, we will explore different aspects of ISO/IEC 15693 and its impact in various areas, in order to shed light on this relevant and interesting topic.
ISO/IEC 15693, is an ISO/IEC standard for vicinity cards, i.e. cards which can be read from a greater distance as compared with proximity cards. Such cards can normally be read out by a reader without being powered themselves, as the reader will supply the necessary power to the card over the air (wireless).
ISO/IEC 15693 systems operate at the 13.56 MHz frequency, and offer maximum read distance of 1–1.5 meters. As the vicinity cards have to operate at a greater distance, the necessary magnetic field is less (0.15 to 5 A/m) than that for a proximity card (1.5 to 7.5 A/m).
Example applications
Ski pass: each of those has a unique ID and the system knows for how long the pass is valid etc.
2 bits are coded as the position of a 9.44 μs pause in a 75.52 μs symbol time, giving a bit rate of 26.48 kilobits per second. The least-significant bits are sent first.
1 out of 256 pulse-position modulation
8 bits are coded as the position of a 9.44 μs pause in a 4.833 ms symbol time, giving a bit rate of 1.65 kbit/s.
Communication to the reader
The card has two ways to send its data back to the reader:
A logic 0 starts with eight pulses of 423.75 kHz followed by an unmodulated time of 18.88 μs (256/ fc); a logic 1 is the other way round. The data frame delimiters are code violations, a start of frame is:
Frequency-shift keying by switching between a 423.75 kHz sub carrier (operating frequency divided by 32) and a 484.25 kHz sub carrier (operating frequency divided by 28). The data rate can be:
Low 6.67 kbit/s (fc/2032)
High 26.69 kbit/s (fc/508)
A logic 0 starts with eight pulses of 423.75 kHz followed by nine pulses of 484.28 kHz; a logic 1 is the other way round. The data frame delimiters are code violations, a start of frame is:
μController: Texas Instruments offers a small μController entirely powered by the ISO/IEC 15693 reading field and capable of reading a simple temperature sensor, wirelessly providing the value of that to the reader.