Voiced labiodental approximant
In this article, we will explore the fascinating world of Voiced labiodental approximant. From its origins to its impact on today's society, Voiced labiodental approximant has been a source of interest and debate. Throughout history, Voiced labiodental approximant has played a crucial role in different areas, influencing everything from culture to economy. Through in-depth analysis, we will examine the many facets of Voiced labiodental approximant and its relevance in the contemporary world. By exploring its different dimensions, we will seek to better understand its importance and the role it plays in our daily lives. Likewise, we will analyze its evolution over time and its potential impact in the future.
| Voiced labiodental approximant | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ʋ | |||
| IPA Number | 150 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | ʋ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+028B | ||
| X-SAMPA | P or v\ | ||
| Braille |   | ||
| |||
The voiced labiodental approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is something between an English /w/ and /v/, pronounced with the teeth and lips held in the position used to articulate the letter V. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʋ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is P or v\. With an advanced diacritic, ⟨ʋ̟⟩, this letter also indicates a bilabial approximant, though the diacritic is frequently omitted because no contrast is likely.[failed verification]
The labiodental approximant is the typical realization of /v/ in the Indian South African variety of English. As the voiceless /f/ is also realized as an approximant ([ʋ̥]), it is also an example of a language contrasting voiceless and voiced labiodental approximants.
Features
Features of the voiced labiodental approximant:
- Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation, but not enough to produce a turbulent airstream.
- Its place of articulation is labiodental, which means it is articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Äiwoo | nyiveli | 'garden land' | |||
| Armenian | Eastern | ոսկի | 'gold' | ||
| Assyrian | hawa ܗܘܐ | 'wind' | Predominant in the Urmia dialects. For some speakers, [v] is used. Corresponds to [w] in the other varieties. | ||
| Catalan | Balearic | fava | 'bean' | Allophone of /v/. See Catalan phonology | |
| Valencian | |||||
| Chinese | Mandarin | 為 |
|
'for' | Prevalent in northern dialects. Corresponds to /w/ in other varieties. |
| Chuvash | аван | 'good, well' | Corresponds to /w/ in other varieties. | ||
| Dhivehi | ވަޅު / valhu | 'well' (noun) | |||
| Danish | Standard | véd | 'know(s)' | Also described as a short plosive [b̪̆]; rarely realized as a fricative [v] instead. See Danish phonology | |
| Dutch | Standard | wang | 'cheek' | In southern dialects of the Netherlands realised as bilabial [β̞]. See Dutch phonology | |
| English | Indian | vine | 'vine' | Corresponds to a fricative [v] in other accents. | |
| Some speakers | rine | 'rine' | Mostly idiosyncratic but somewhat dialectal (especially in London and South East England). See English phonology and R-labialization | ||
| Faroese | røða | 'speech' | Word-initial and intervocalic allophone of /v/. In the first case, it is in a free variation with a fricative [v]. See Faroese phonology | ||
| Finnish | vauva | 'baby' | See Finnish phonology | ||
| German | Swiss | was | 'what' | Corresponds to /v/ in Standard German | |
| Guaraní | avañe'ẽ | 'Guaraní language' | Contrasts with /w/ and /ɰ/ | ||
| Hawaiian | wikiwiki | 'fast' | May also be realized as or . See Hawaiian phonology | ||
| Hindustani | Hindi | वाला | (the) 'one' | Also an allophone of /w/. See Hindustani phonology. | |
| Urdu | والا | ||||
| Italian | Some speakers | raro | 'rare' | Rendition alternative to the standard Italian alveolar trill [r], due to individual orthoepic defects and/or regional variations that make the alternative sound more prevalent, notably in South Tyrol (among the Italian-speaking minority), Val d'Aosta (bordering with France) and in parts of the Parma province, more markedly around Fidenza. Other alternative sounds may be a uvular trill [ʀ] or a voiced uvular fricative [ʁ]. See Italian phonology. | |
| Khmer | អាវុធ / avŭth | 'weapon' | See Khmer phonology | ||
| Marathi | वजन | 'weight' | See Marathi phonology | ||
| Miyako | 'thick' | May be syllabic. | |||
| Norwegian | Urban East | venn | 'friend' | Sometimes realized as a fricative [v]. See Norwegian phonology | |
| Nsenga | ŵanthu | 'people' | |||
| Punjabi | Gurmukhi | ਵਾਲ | 'hair' | ||
| Shahmukhi | وال | ||||
| Russian | волосы | 'hair' | Common realization of /v/; contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology | ||
| Serbo-Croatian | цврчак / cvrčak | 'cricket' | /v/ is a phonetic fricative, although it has less frication than /f/. However, it does not interact with unvoiced consonants in clusters as a fricative would, and so is considered to be phonologically a sonorant (approximant). | ||
| Shona | vanhu | 'people' | Contrasts with /v/ and /w/. | ||
| Slovak | voda | 'water' | Usual realization of /v/. See Slovak phonology | ||
| Slovene | veter | 'wind' | Also described as fricative [v]. See Slovene phonology | ||
| Spanish | Chilean | hablar | 'to speak' | Allophone of /b/. See Spanish phonology | |
| Swedish | Some speakers | vän | 'friend' | See Swedish phonology | |
| Tamil | வாய் | 'mouth' | See Tamil phonology | ||
| Telugu | వల | 'net' | |||
| Ukrainian | він | 'he' | Possible prevocalic realization of /w/, most commonly before /i/. See Ukrainian phonology | ||
| West Frisian | wêr | 'where' | See West Frisian phonology | ||
See also
- List of phonetics topics
- R-labialization
- Rhotacism (speech impediment): pronouncing ⟨r⟩ as
References
- ^ Ladefoged, Peter (1968). A Phonetic Study of West African Languages: An Auditory-instrumental Survey (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 26. ISBN 9780521069632.
- ^ Mathangwane, Joyce Thambole Mogatse (1996). Phonetics and Phonology of Ikalanga: A Diachronic and Synchronic Study (Thesis). Berkeley: University of California. p. 79.
- ^ a b Mesthrie (2004:960)
- ^ Næss, Åshild (2017). A short dictionary of Äiwoo. Asia-Pacific Linguistics. Vol. A-PL 35. Canberra. hdl:1885/112469. ISBN 978-1-922185-37-2. OCLC 970690673.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Dum-Tragut (2009:20)
- ^ a b Saborit Vilar (2009:52)
- ^ Basbøll (2005:62)
- ^ Basbøll (2005:27 and 66)
- ^ Foulkes & Docherty (1999:?)
- ^ a b Árnason (2011:115)
- ^ Schmid, Stephan (2010). "Segmental features of Swiss German ethnolects". In Calamai, Silvia; Celata, Chiara; Ciucci, Luca (eds.). Proceedings of the Workshop "Sociophonetics, at the crossroads of speech variation, processing and communication". Edizioni della Normale. pp. 69–72. ISBN 978-88-7642-434-2. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
- ^ a b Canepari (1999), pp. 98–101.
- ^ Pellard, Thomas (19 January 2009). Why it is important to study the Ryukyuan languages: The example of Õgami Ryukuan (PDF) (Speech). Oxford. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2015.
- ^ Kristoffersen (2000:22 and 25)
- ^ a b Vanvik (1979:41)
- ^ Kristoffersen (2000:74)
- ^ a b Yanushevskaya & Bunčić (2015:223)
- ^ Morén (2005:5–6)
- ^ Brown, Wayles; Alt, Theresa (2004). "A Handbook of Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian". SEELRC. Duke University.
- ^ a b Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)
- ^ Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999:136)
- ^ Priestley (2002:394)
- ^ Greenberg (2006:18)
- ^ Sadowsky, Scott (2010). "El alófono labiodental sonoro del fonema /b/ en el castellano de Concepción (Chile): Una investigación exploratoria" (PDF). Estudios de Fonética Experimental. XIX: 231–261. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2018.
- ^ a b Žovtobrjux & Kulyk (1965:121–122)
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